▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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face="Times New Roman Star"*su"dre- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to pull, tug 2 belt for fastening loads | face="Times New Roman Star"1 тащить, тянуть 2 ремень для привязывания ноши |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"ru"- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"jra"- | face="Times New Roman Star"su":re- (Буд.), so"jre- (Ettuhf.), su"dra"- (R.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sudra"- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"ra"- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"jre- | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z@r- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s@d@r- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu": 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu": 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"so"du"rt- 1, so"du"rge 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"jro"- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"jre- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"jre- | face="Times New Roman Star"hu">jra"- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"jre- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"jre- | face="Times New Roman Star"sure- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"jre- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 435, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 202. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*su"l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"leech | face="Times New Roman Star"пиявка |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"lu"k, dial. su"lu"men, su"len | face="Times New Roman Star"su">li>k | face="Times New Roman Star"su"lu"k (AH, Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"zuluk | face="Times New Roman Star"zu"lu"k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"lu"x (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"lu"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"lu"k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s@w|l@w|k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"lu"k, zu"lu"k | face="Times New Roman Star"su"li>k | face="Times New Roman Star"su"li>k | face="Times New Roman Star"hu">lu">k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"lu"k | face="Times New Roman Star"su"lu"k | face="Times New Roman Star"su"li>k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"lu"k | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 436, 425, Лексика 185, ЭСТЯ 7. Initial z- in some forms may be due to the influence of Pers. zalu 'leech' (> Az. za"li). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*su"n|gu" | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"lance, spear | face="Times New Roman Star"копье, пика | face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|u"g (Orkh.), su"n|u" (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|u" (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|gu" | face="Times New Roman Star"su">n|gi> | face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|gu" (IM, Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|gu" | face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|gi |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sъw|nъw| | face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|u": |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|gi> | face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|gi> | face="Times New Roman Star"hu">n|gu"> | face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|u" | face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|gu" | face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|gu" |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|u" | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 834-835, VEWT 437, TMN 3, 279, Лексика 569, ЭСТЯ 7. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*su"r(-t)- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to rub, smear | face="Times New Roman Star"тереть, мазать | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r-, su"rt- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- (Pav. C.), su"rt- (IM), su"ru"t- (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"surt- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r-, su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s@w|r- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"r-, su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r-, su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"hu">r-, hu">rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"ru"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"su"r-, su"rt- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"rt- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 846, VEWT 437, Егоров 188, Лексика 382, ЭСТЯ 7. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*su":t | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"milk | face="Times New Roman Star"молоко | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su">t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t (AH, Abush.), su"d (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sut | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t, so"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"d | face="Times New Roman Star"su":t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"si:t | face="Times New Roman Star"s@w|t | face="Times New Roman Star"u":t |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"t |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"hu">t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"su"t | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 798, VEWT 438, Лексика 448-449, ЭСТЯ 7. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*su"r/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to strain, filter 2 to swim, float 3 to walk in water | face="Times New Roman Star"1 цедить, фильтровать 2 плавать 3 ходить в воде | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1, su"zu"l- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"so"z- 1, (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 (AH, Pav. C.), 2 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"suz- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"si:z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s@r- 1, "to catch fish by a drag-net" |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"s- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"hu">d|- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 861, ЭСТЯ 4, 261; 7; VEWT 420 (the root should be distinguished from *syr/- 'to ooze', q. v. sub *s?i_u>r/u), Лексика 411, Ашм. XI, 311-312, 314, Федотов 2, 44-45. The meanings 'to strain, filter' and 'to swim, float' go back to a common meaning '*to flow' (additionally the semantic development > 'swim' could have been influenced by *ju"r/- 'to swim' q. v. sub *ni_u/r/e). Bulg. > Hung. szu?r- 'to ooze', see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 812-813. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to plaster 2 eye pus 3 to puncture (a tumour, furuncle) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 мазать, залеплять, обмазывать 2 глазной гной 3 прокалывать (опухоль, нарыв) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apak 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?api- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-li- 1, c?apaq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s/op- 'заворачивать пирог' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 'to pour water and stamp (ground)'(?) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-ta- 1, c?abaq-ta- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abaq-ta- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?abaq-s?a-la- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"(aq) c?ap- 'to blanch, pipeclay' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 394, Ашм. XII, 248. Turk. > Hung. csipa 'eye pus' (<*c?apag|), see Gombocz 1912. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 a k. of cloak 2 lap, skirt 3 used clothing 4 bedding under the saddle 5 woman's gown 6 gown 7 gusset (in clothes) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 род плаща 2 подол, фалда 3 старая, потертая одежда 4 подстилка под седло, чепрак 5 женский халат 6 халат 7 клин (в одежде) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apg|ut 'a padded garment' (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aput 3, c?aprak 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1, c?apraq 4, c?abu 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1 (R; Pav. C. jamag|lyg| c?apan 'mended cloak'), c?abuq 2 (Pav. C.), (OKypch.) c?apg|ut 3 (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|po|n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?abyt 5, c?apan 6, c?apy 'ornamental trimming for clothes' lap' | face="Times New Roman Star"sabyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abyr 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abu 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abug| 'trimmed section on a woman's tunic' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?avyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abu: 7; c?apan 6, c?apan-c?apqyt 'upper clothes', c?opqut 'quilted coat under armour; expensive costume' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abu 2, s?apan 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abuw 'gusset-like front part of gown's laps' | face="Times New Roman Star"sapan 6, sabyw 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apraq 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?abuw 7, s?apan 6, s?obyt 'used things', s?opqyt 'rags' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?abyw 7, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 396, TMN 3, 47, Аникин 643. Several derivations are clearly distinguishable: a) *c?ap-gut 'upper clothes, garment' (with later development > 'used clothes'); b) *c?ap-rak 'bedding under the saddle'; c) *c?ap-an 'cloak, gown'; d) *c?ap-gu 'lap, gusset' - all clearly related to each other. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?akyr | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"light grey, greyish blue | face="Times New Roman Star"светло-серый, серовато-голубой |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr (MK, Tefs.) (of eyes) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?akyr | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|yr (of eyes) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|ir-qano|t 'a white-eyed dunbird, нырок белоглазый' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?eqir (of eyes) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr 'dried in the sun, bleached' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr 'yellow' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekir 'grey (of eyes), wall-eye' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'grey (of eyes, horses)', s?egir 'grey (of eyes)' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'colourless (of eyes)' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'whitish' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|yr 'variegated' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?egir (of eyes) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 96, TMN 2, 77, EDT 409, Федотов 2 387. Despite Fedotov c?okur 'variegated' is not related, it is < Mong. c?obkur (v. sub *s?op`e/). Despite Ra"sa"nen borrowed from Mong. can be only Yak. c?akyr 'white (of a horse)' (cf. also Dolg. c?akyr, see Stachowski 72), and perhaps the front-row forms (Kirgh. c?ekir, Kaz. s?egir, KKalp. s?egir - because of their restriction to the Kypch. area); but Mong.. c?akir / c?ekir 'whitish' is itself an obvious Turkism (see TMN ibid., Clark 1977, 134 with doubts). The root should be distinguished from nasalized forms: Oyr. c?an|qyr, Chuv. senker, Yak. c?en|gir, z?|en|gir, Kirgh. c?enkil, c?an|yl with the same set of meanings ('whitish, blue', often of eyes) = Mong. (Khalkha) cenxer id.; those should be compared with Tokh. A, B tsem. 'blue (of eyes)', Pers. zanga:r 'verdigris', whence Tat. za"n|ga"r (from Pers. zang 'rust', further derived with *za:'to leave, remain', Sak. ysa:ya" 'rust', Osset. zga", see Bailey 348-349). This is most probably an Iranian loanword in Turkic, Tokh. and Mong. (although a Chinese origin - cf. MC chien| 'blue' - is also possible). Cf. VEWT 104 (Turk. < Mong.), 531. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ad(b)an | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"scorpion | face="Times New Roman Star"скорпион |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ad|an (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan, c?yjan 'сколопендра' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan, (R, Буд. - Kas.) c?ejban 'millipede' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan, c?yjan (Abush., Sangl.), c?iban (R - Calc. Wb., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajo|n | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aja:n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajan | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajan | face="Times New Roman Star"sajan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 94, EDT 403, Лексика 64, 184-185. Turk. > Kalm. caj@ `crayfish' (?), see Щербак 1997, 111. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"resin, tar | face="Times New Roman Star"смола, деготь |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|jyr |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"sajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajyr |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Aj-na- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to chew 2 to bite | face="Times New Roman Star"1 жевать 2 кусать |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ig|ne-, c?ejne- 1 (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|jne|- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ejna"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ejne- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"jna"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?i:ne- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"cajna-, c?ajna-, c?ejne- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ene-, c?a"ina"- 1 (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, Рас. ФиЛ 168. Forms with t- in some Siberian languages are rather enigmatic. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?al- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to knock (down), hit, agitate 2 to whet 3 to slaughter 4 to mow 5 scythe 6 to sting, pierce 7 to sweep 8 to chop 9 a k. of broom 10 to sharpen, whet 11 whetstone 12 mowing, hay time 13 to trip 14 blade | face="Times New Roman Star"1 сбивать, ударять, бить, взбалтывать 2 точить 3 убивать, закалывать 4 косить 5 коса 6 жалить, закалывать 7 подметать 8 изрубить, отрубить 9 вид метлы, веник-голик 10 точить 11 оселок 12 покос 13 дать подножку 14 острие, лезвие | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?algy 9, c?algy orag|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 3, c?alg|y 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?alg|i u.ro|q 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?alg|a 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al(y)- 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 6, 7, c?alg|y 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 10, 7, 6, c?alGy 5, 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/ol- 4, s/olъk 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:lyn- 'to fall abruptly' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aly- 10 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 3, c?alg|y 5, c?alg|yn 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 13, s?alg|y 5, s?alg|yn 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 1, 3, 4, s?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"saly- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alqy 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alym 14 | face="Times New Roman Star"cal- 1, 4, calqy, calg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 1, 3, 13, s?alg|y 5, s?alg|yn 12 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 4, c?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 97, EDT 417-418 , Егоров 206, Федотов 2, 132, 133. The difference in length between Turkm. and Yak. allows to suppose a merger of at least two roots, perhaps originally distinguished semantically and phonetically as *c?a:l- 'to knock down' (reflected in Yak., not reflected in Turkm.) - *c?al- 'to sharpen, whet' (reflected in Turkm., not reflected in Yak.). Since "Verba des Schlagens" are generally vague semantically, in most languages it is difficult to draw a line between them. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)al- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 turban 2 noose, lasso 3 to plait, wrap 4 to bind by throwing the rope 5 to become entangled 6 to entangle 7 band, strap 8 to bind around, wrap around 9 to plait | face="Times New Roman Star"1 тюрбан 2 аркан, лассо 3 заплетать, заворачивать 4 связывать захлестом, наметывать 5 заплетаться 6 запутать 7 тесьма, завязка 8 обвязывать, обматывать 9 плести |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, 'flask fastened to the saddle' (Pav. C., Sangl.), 'apron' (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al-(mo|q) 4, c?alma 1; band, facing | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al-ma-s?- 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, c?al- 3, c?als?yq 'entangled (of a rope)' | face="Times New Roman Star"salba (Sag.) 'лычко для метания камней' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 2, dial. (Leb.) c?aly- 6 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?alba 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alys?qaq 'criss-crossing' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alg|yc? 7, c?alma 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alma 1, s?aluw 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"saly- 8, salma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, c?al- 9, c?alman 'wattle' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 8, c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"cal- 8, calma 1, calman 'wattle' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 8 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 9, c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 420, VEWT 97, Лексика 395. Turk. > Mong. c?alma, salma 'lasso', see TMN 4, 316-317, Щербак 1997, 163 (although the meaning 'lasso' is not widely spread in Turkic, Doerfer suggests that it may have been the original, pre-Islamic, meaning of the derivative *c?al-ma). Note Chuv. c?ъw|lg|a- 'to entangle' - usually derived as a loanword < Tat. c?ulg|a- < PT *c?og-la-, but in this case one would rather expect c?ulg|a- - so the Chuv. form may actually reflect PT *c?ial-. The root is attested late, but does not seem to be borrowed, or a specialized development of *c?al- 'hit, chop' (as suggested in TMN). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?A:l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"grey, grey-headed | face="Times New Roman Star"серый, седой |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al 'grey hair' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al 'having grey hair amid black hair' (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|l 'old man' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:l | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sa:lyr 'light-bay (horse); pepper-and-salt (hair)' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al 'old man' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al | face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 417, VEWT 96, TMN 2, 31, Аникин 640. Turk. > WMong. c?al, Kalm. cal, Khalkha cal bu:ral 'grey-haired, roan'; Russ. чалый. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Am | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 a backbiting man 2 to exact a fine 3 claim 4 reproach 5 to be offended 6 to be angry | face="Times New Roman Star"1 клеветник 2 штрафовать 3 претензия, рекламация (юрид.) 4 упрек 5 обижаться 6 сердиться | face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?amg|uq 1 (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-la- 'to speak with disgust' (R, Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?`imig 'badly' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am (dial., R) 4, c?am-da-l- (dial., R) 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ammal-tur- 'to look nervous, angry' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-da-n- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?am 'that which causes offence', s?am-da-n- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 6 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 'joke, mockery', c?am-la-n- 6 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 5, s?am-s?yl 'resentful, sensitive' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 421-422, 423, VEWT 98, D-T 97. At least part of the forms may ultimately have a Chinese source (MC z|.a".m 'slander'). Cf. also c?aman 'lazy horse, dog'; Tur. c?amura jat- 'to decline from paying a debt' (slang; lit. 'to lie down in dirt' - perhaps a reanalysis based on the analogy with c?amur 'dirt', cf. also c?amur (metaph.) 'low, humble'). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to beat, hit 2 to attack, rob 3 chisel 4 hack, hoe, hatchet 5 to chop 6 to scythe, mow 7 to dig 8 to break 9 sharp 10 scythe 11 to whet, sharpen (a scythe) 12 metal shavings after forging 13 trap 14 whetstone for sharpening scythes 15 to whip 16 to hack, adze 17 shavings 18 booty 19 currycomb | face="Times New Roman Star"1 бить, ударять 2 нападать, грабить 3 резец 4 мотыга, тяпка, сечка 5 рубить 6 косить 7 копать (кетменем) 8 разламывать 9 острый 10 коса 11 точить (косу) 12 обсечки металла при ковке 13 капкан 14 брусок для точки кос 15 хлестать 16 тесать 17 стружка 18 добыча, трофей 19 скребница |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 2, c?apla 3, c?apa 4, c?apak 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap/b- 5, 6, 1, c?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2 (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|p- 5, 7, c?o|pqi 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 6, c?apqu 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'p- 1, 5, 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2, c?apGy 4, c?apGyr 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1, 5, 6, saxpy, sapxy 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 1, 6, s?apqy 13 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 6, c?apqy 10, 13 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/up- 1, 11, s/opkas/ 14 | face="Times New Roman Star"saba:- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 1, 2, s?ap-ta- 15 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap-ty 17, s?apty-la- 16 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap/b- 5, 7, 1, c?apqy 4, 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, 6, 2, s?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, s?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap/b- 6, 5, 1, sapqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ab- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apanaq 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"cap- 1; c?ap- 1, 5, c?apa 19 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, 6, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-, c?a'- 1 (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, c?apg|y 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 394, Егоров 203, 219, Федотов 2, 85, 137-8, Ашм. XII, 247-249. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ia:k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 time, measure 2 precisely, exactly | face="Times New Roman Star"1 время, пора 2 точно, впору | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 (late OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) c?aq 'when (conj.)' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|q 1, c?o|qum 'certainly' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:G 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sax 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ox 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sax 1, sag|a 'about (the time when, the size of)' | face="Times New Roman Star"haga 'about (the time when, the size of)'; sagyna 'while' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, s?aq-ly 'this much' | face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, c?aq-ly 'this much' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:q, c?aq 'up to' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| (K), caq (H) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, Егоров 327, Лексика 67, EDT 404, ДТС 139, Федотов 2, 425, Stachowski 92-93, 208. Forms like Chag. c?ag|, Uygh. c?ag| or Tof. s?ag| 'time' are borrowed < Mong., but this cannot be assumed for most other forms quoted above. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ar | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 whetstone 2 sickle 3 to whet | face="Times New Roman Star"1 точильный камень 2 серп 3 точить |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1, 'mill stone', c?ar-la- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar-la- 3 (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/orla 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sardag|a, sarda:na 'short heavy arrow with a broad head' (Пек.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sar 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:r- 'to cut, stick in' (ССЯ: Udzh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1, 'spool' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99-100, Егоров 221, Федотов 2, 143 (borrowing < FU *s/orva 'horn' is hardly credible). Bulg. > Hung. sarlo/ 'sickle', see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 494-495. The root is certainly genuine, although some influence of the Iranian c?aryk, c?arx 'wheel' could have existed. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*sa.c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to scatter, spatter, sow | face="Times New Roman Star"рассыпать, разбрасывать | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sas- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ys- | face="Times New Roman Star"ys- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a`z?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?-, c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 794, VEWT 392, Stachowski 262. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,